European states have been dealing with issues of environmental safety regulation for several decades. For example, the first "green" party was formed in Germany in the 1990s. And the countries of the former Soviet Union at that time were only recovering after a loud and crisis-like collapse.
While all the institutions of the democratic state in the EU countries were established, the CIS countries were just learning to live independently, develop the most acceptable system of government, build up economic power, and build international relations.
Thus, more than 30 years have passed since the creation of the first eco-movements, supported by a large number of eco-activists in Europe, while basic democratic institutions were barely beginning to develop in our country.
At the moment, questions about the state of the environment have moved head-on to us - since while European states pursued an active policy to improve the state of the environment, Ukraine's ecology continued to deteriorate.
However, in this situation there is an unconditional plus - the variety of tools and mechanisms for ensuring environmental safety accumulated in the European Union.
The range of tools is large, thanks to which many states that are at the stage of developing an eco-policy can choose the most suitable tools, adapt and apply them to the extent that a specific country requires it.
In Ukraine, the question of the state of ecology is acute. Despite the existence of many facade elements: the branch of environmental law, eco-organizations, garbage collection points for recycling, there is no single and comprehensive strategy for environmental protection. This means that the current measures are introduced only for appearance, and not at all to achieve specific indicators for reducing the level of air and water pollution, as well as liquidation of landfills with a large amount of toxic waste.
The chronology of actions in environmental policy should be different. First, an assessment of the state of the environment is carried out, through which ecologists determine the actual level of pollution, identify problems that require an immediate solution, as well as secondary problems. On the basis of the conclusion of the ecological examination, which includes the recommended indicators, measures should be taken to restore an acceptable level of pollution.
Next, it is necessary to develop a program of environmental policy of the state: based on the conclusion of ecologists, the expert group offers one or another economic instrument to ensure environmental safety. This can be eco-insurance; increase in fines for environmental pollution; benefits for enterprises that switch to more environmentally friendly production. The set of tools is quite large, which allows you to develop a flexible and responsive policy.
However, unfortunately, at the moment the vector of eco-development is not set in the state, there is no goal. There are waste collection points, in some cities there are separate garbage collection points, but there is currently no comprehensive solution to the problem. The state's policy in the eco-sphere should include two main aspects: educational and educational, economic tools for ensuring ecological safety.
And only work in these two directions will contribute to the organic formation of the state's eco-policy.
Myroslava Mordovets
